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本文導讀目錄：

1、智能農業(yè)會成為鄉(xiāng)村振興的利器嗎？

2、智能農業(yè)的前世今生【中英雙語】

3、智能農業(yè)裝備亮相新疆國際農業(yè)博覽會

智能農業(yè)會成為鄉(xiāng)村振興的利器嗎？ ♂

智能農業(yè)會成為鄉(xiāng)村振興的利器嗎？

隨著近幾年信息化技術提升、5G時代越走越近，創(chuàng)新技術、大數(shù)據解決方案等技術出現(xiàn)在越來越多的行業(yè)當中，農業(yè)大數(shù)據應用的案例和成果也越來越多。

在現(xiàn)在發(fā)展環(huán)境下，智慧農業(yè)得到大力發(fā)展和支持，越來越多的農業(yè)應用新技術不斷涌現(xiàn)出來。

農業(yè)發(fā)展還有很長路要走

過去5年中，國家對農業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了不少政策支持，加快了智慧農業(yè)的發(fā)展進程。

國務院發(fā)布了《中國制造2025》文件、農業(yè)農村部發(fā)布了《“十三五”全國農業(yè)農村信息化發(fā)展規(guī)劃》、國務院42號文《國務院關于加快推進農業(yè)機械化和農機裝備產業(yè)轉型升級的指導意見》、數(shù)字農業(yè)農村發(fā)展規(guī)劃（2019—2025 年）等一系列的政策、意見、規(guī)劃。

雖然農業(yè)機械智能化發(fā)展成為大趨勢，相關政策不斷增多，但難、弱、低、缺這些問題還是存在于農業(yè)生產的各個環(huán)節(jié)中。

政府部門對農業(yè)生產統(tǒng)計難、作業(yè)質量核查難、農業(yè)執(zhí)法調度難。農機企業(yè)品類單一，產銷脫節(jié)；農產品盈利能力弱、農機服務能力弱。農業(yè)合作社青壯年打工，缺乏勞力；缺管理、技術、種植人才，缺乏農業(yè)技術研發(fā)和推廣，假冒偽劣農資欠缺監(jiān)管。

想要解決這一系列問題，只靠單方面的努力是不夠的，需要政府部門、農機合作社、農機廠商、農業(yè)從業(yè)者通力合作。

企業(yè)生產適用的產品，守法經營、精準營銷，產銷兩旺。合作社提檔升級，服務范圍寬、質量高，贏利能力強。農業(yè)從業(yè)者種田更輕松、更安心，收益有保障。政府部門輕松監(jiān)管、精細管理、快捷服務、科學決策。

這樣的閉環(huán)生態(tài)才算是一個合理健康的農業(yè)生產的生態(tài)環(huán)境。

利用數(shù)據精準農業(yè)生產

農業(yè)大數(shù)據的應用都基于農機，農業(yè)機械上裝載智能終端，采集作業(yè)過程中的實時數(shù)據。

數(shù)據采集后，農機管理部門多維度呈現(xiàn)用戶最關注的數(shù)據，生成圖形和表格，方便決策。同時也為今后制定相關政策提供數(shù)據支撐。

農機合作社可以實時監(jiān)視選定農機的作業(yè)數(shù)據，包括農機終端在線狀態(tài)、作業(yè)速度、作業(yè)照片、實時面積等。通過影像圖片，及時了解農機作業(yè)現(xiàn)場情況。通過實時記錄農機作業(yè)狀態(tài)變化情況，準確掌握農機工作狀態(tài)。

統(tǒng)計部門，以及相關用戶都可以利用數(shù)據，進行分析預測，根據項目具體需求定制大數(shù)據展示信息。各類別農機保有量、歷年農機遞增量、各區(qū)域農機保有量，各類作業(yè)類型作業(yè)量、歷年作業(yè)量、各區(qū)域作業(yè)量等都可以輕松得到。

用好北斗系統(tǒng)為農業(yè)增效

2020年，北斗系統(tǒng)已完成了全球的覆蓋，隨著北斗導航技術的逐漸成熟，在農業(yè)生產上的應用也在增加，長期應用國外GPS技術的高昂費用，如今可以降低不少。

不少開始應用北斗導航系統(tǒng)的地區(qū)，雖然都給農機裝上了智能設備，但是在軟件應用、數(shù)據采集和匯總收集上還有些凌亂，一個地區(qū)一套系統(tǒng)，“信息孤島”現(xiàn)象普遍。在應用和管理方面，效率低下，甚至出現(xiàn)問題。

想要解決這些問題，各個省份可以在本省內采用統(tǒng)一的智能農機系統(tǒng)。這樣做，一是便于對農機手進行操作培訓，二是方便政府部門進行所需數(shù)據的快速收集，方便之后補貼發(fā)放等工作的快速開展。

如今的農業(yè)大數(shù)據早已不單單是拖拉機定位的功能。智能設備已經越來越多地應用在農業(yè)生產各個環(huán)節(jié)，插秧機、收獲機、植保機、烘干機等農機裝備上也都有應用。

農機大數(shù)據的應用為的都是提高生產效率，有了通用的大數(shù)據，跨區(qū)作業(yè)用戶再也不用擔心，去到不同地方還需要考慮設備、平臺的問題，這給農機使用者也提供了不少便利之處。

大數(shù)據應用已經在路上

大數(shù)據應用在近幾年越來越多，看似和高科技總有些不沾邊的農業(yè)，也已經在很多方面應用上了智能化、大數(shù)據等技術，并且有著多種應用方式。

如今，農業(yè)大數(shù)據已經應用到秸稈還田、深松整地、收獲、播種、耕翻、深翻、打捆、植保、插秧、無人機等30余種作業(yè)類型中。

其中湖北、山東均已建設省級智慧農機平臺；合肥、南京、淮北均建立市級平臺。

在晉中地區(qū)通過精準農業(yè)相關的應用，有效地解決了在多山地和丘陵的農機作業(yè)面積精準計算難的問題。

湖北省深松整地智能監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)得到了很好的推廣應用。通過平臺自動計算的作業(yè)面積，作為補貼發(fā)放及審計依據。同時，還完成了40余個品牌，近百款植保無人機的系統(tǒng)接入。

寧夏回族自治區(qū)則針對打捆離田作業(yè)的類型，同時進行了面積計算和打捆數(shù)量統(tǒng)計，兼容方捆和圓捆。

很多地區(qū)都有了智慧農業(yè)、大數(shù)據技術的應用案例，根據不同地區(qū)的需求和今后的發(fā)展，這些技術和裝備也會更加成熟和多元。

智能農業(yè)的前世今生【中英雙語】 ♂

智能農業(yè)的前世今生【中英雙語】

智能農業(yè)（或稱工廠化農業(yè)），是指在相對可控的環(huán)境條件下，采用工業(yè)化生產，實現(xiàn)集約高效可持續(xù)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代超前農業(yè)生產方式，就是農業(yè)先進設施與陸地相配套、具有高度的技術規(guī)范和高效益的集約化規(guī)模經營的生產方式。

Intelligent agriculture (or factory agriculture), refers to the relatively controllable environment conditions, the industrial production, realize intensive and efficient sustainable development of modern advanced agricultural production mode, is advanced agricultural advanced facilities and land, has a high degree of technical specifications and high efficiency of intensive scale management mode of production.

智能農業(yè)是推動城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化的戰(zhàn)略引擎

Intelligent agriculture is the strategic engine to promote the integration of urban and rural development

它集科研、生產、加工、銷售于一體，實現(xiàn)周年性、全天候、反季節(jié)的企業(yè)化規(guī)模生產;它集成現(xiàn)代生物技術、農業(yè)工程、農用新材料等學科，以現(xiàn)代化農業(yè)設施為依托，科技含量高，產品附加值高，土地產出率高和勞動生產率高，是我國農業(yè)新技術革命的跨世紀工程。

It integrates scientific research, production, processing and sales, realizing annual, all-weather and off-season enterprise scale production; it integrates modern biotechnology, agricultural engineering, agricultural new materials and other disciplines, relying on modern agricultural facilities, high technology content, high added value, high land yield and high labor productivity, and is a cross-century project of the agricultural new technology revolution in China.

智能農業(yè)產品通過實時采集溫室內溫度、土壤溫度、二氧化碳濃度、濕度信號以及光照、葉面濕度、露點溫度等環(huán)境參數(shù)，自動開啟或者關閉指定設備?？梢愿鶕脩粜枨?，隨時進行處理，為設施農業(yè)綜合生態(tài)信息自動監(jiān)測、對環(huán)境進行自動控制和智能化管理提供科學依據。通過模塊采集溫度傳感器等信號，經由無線信號收發(fā)模塊傳輸數(shù)據，實現(xiàn)對大棚溫濕度的遠程控制。智能農業(yè)還包括智能糧庫系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)通過將糧庫內溫濕度變化的感知與計算機或手機的連接進行實時觀察，記錄現(xiàn)場情況以保證量糧庫的溫濕度平衡。

Intelligent agricultural products collect the greenhouse temperature, soil temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, humidity signal, light, leaf humidity, dew point temperature and other environmental parameters in real time, and automatically turn on or off the designated equipment. It can be processed at any time according to the needs of users, providing a scientific basis for the automatic monitoring of the comprehensive ecological information of facility agriculture, the automatic control and intelligent management of the environment. Temperaturesensors and other signals are collected through the module, and data is transmitted through the wireless signal transver module to realize the remote control of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Intelligent agriculture also includes the intelligent grain depot system, which observes the perception of the temperature and humidity changes in the grain depot with the connection of the computer or mobile phone, and records the field situation to ensure the balance of the temperature and humidity of the grain depot.

傳統(tǒng)農業(yè)與智能農業(yè)

Traditional agriculture and intelligent agriculture

傳統(tǒng)農業(yè)生產活動中的澆水灌溉、施肥、打藥，農民依靠人工估摸，全憑經驗和感覺來完成。而應用物聯(lián)網，諸如瓜果蔬菜的澆水時間，施肥、打藥，怎樣保持精確的濃度，如何實行按需供給等一系列作物在不同生長周期曾被"模糊"處理的問題，都有信息化智能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)實時定量"精確"把關，農民只需按個開關，作個選擇，或是完全聽"指令"， 就能種好菜、養(yǎng)好花。 從傳統(tǒng)農業(yè)到現(xiàn)代農業(yè)轉變的過程中，農業(yè)信息化的發(fā)展大致經歷了計算機農業(yè)、 數(shù)字農業(yè)、精準農業(yè)和智慧農業(yè)4個過程。

In traditional agricultural production activities, watering irrigation, fertilization, medicine, farmers rely on manual estimation, all by experience and feeling to complete. And application of the Internet of things, such as fruits and vegetables watering time, fertilization, medicine, how to keep the precise concentration, how to implement on-demand supply and a series of crops in different growth cycle was "fuzzy" processing problems, have information intelligent monitoring system of real-time quantitative "accurate" control, farmers just need to press a switch, make a choice, or completely listen to "instructions", can grow good food, raise good flowers. Inthe process of transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, the development of agricultural informatization has roughly experienced four processes: computer agriculture, digital agriculture, precision agriculture and smart agriculture.

我國發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農業(yè)，面臨著資源緊缺與資源 消耗過大的雙重挑戰(zhàn)。以信息傳感設備、傳感網、互聯(lián)網和智能信息處理為核心的物聯(lián)網將為農業(yè)生產過程中量化分析、智能決策、變量投入、定位操作的現(xiàn)代農業(yè)生產管理技術體系開辟新的思路和有利手段，將在農業(yè)領域得到廣泛應用，并將進一步促進信息 技術與農業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的融合。 基于物聯(lián)網的智能農業(yè)可用于大中型農業(yè)種植基地、設施園藝、畜禽水產養(yǎng)殖和農產 品物流，布設的6種類型的無線傳感節(jié)點，包括空氣溫度、空氣濕度、土壤溫 度、土壤濕度、光照強度、二氧化碳濃度等，并通過低功耗自組織網絡的無線通信技術實現(xiàn)傳感器數(shù)據的無線傳輸。所有數(shù)據匯集到中心節(jié)點，通過無線網關與互聯(lián)網或移動網絡相連，實現(xiàn)農業(yè)信息的多尺度（個域、視域、區(qū)域、地域）傳輸;用戶通過手機或計算機可以實時掌握農作物現(xiàn)場的環(huán)境信息，系統(tǒng)根據環(huán)境參數(shù)診斷農作物生長狀況和病蟲害狀況。同時，在環(huán)境參數(shù)超標的情況下，系統(tǒng)可遠程對灌溉等農業(yè)裝備進行控制，實現(xiàn)農業(yè)生產的產前、產中、產后的過程監(jiān)控，進而實現(xiàn)農業(yè)生產集約、高產、優(yōu)質、高效、生態(tài)、 安全等可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標。

positioning operation of modern agricultural production management technology system open up new ideas and favorable means, will be widely used in the field of agriculture, and will further promote the integration of information technology and agricultural modernization. Intelligent agriculture based on the Internet of things can be used in large and medium-sized agricultural planting base, gardening, livestock and poultry aquaculture and agricultural products logistics, layout of six types of wireless sensor nodes, including air temperature, air humidity,temperature of soil, soil humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc., and through the low power consumption since the organization network of wireless communication technology to realize wireless sensor data transmission. All data are collected to the central node and connected to the Internet or mobile network through wireless gateway to realize multi-scale transmission of agricultural information (domain, horizon, region, region) of agricultural information; users can grasp the environmental information of crop site inreal time through mobile phone or computer, and the system can diagnose crop growth and diseases and insect pests according to environmental parameters. At the same time, in the case of excessive environmental parameters, the system can remotely control irrigation and other agricultural equipment, so as to realize the process monitoring before, during and after agricultural production, and then realize the sustainable development of agricultural production such as intensive, high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecological and safe.

智能農業(yè)最新進展

The latest progress in intelligent agriculture

2002年，英特爾公司率先在俄勒岡建立了世界上第一個無線葡萄園。傳感器節(jié)點被分布在葡萄園的每個角落，每隔1min檢測一次土壤溫度、濕度或該區(qū)域有害物的數(shù)量，以確 保葡萄可以健康生長。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，葡萄園氣候的細微變化可極大地影響葡萄酒的質量。通過長年的數(shù)據記錄以及相關分析，便能精確地掌握葡萄酒的質地與葡萄生長過程中的日 照、溫度、濕度的確切關系。這是一個典型的精準農業(yè)、智能耕種的實例。

In 2002, Intel pioneered the world's first wireless vineyard in Oregon. Sensor nodes are distributed in every corner of the vineyard, and the soil temperature, moisture, or the amount of pests in the area are detected every 1min apart to ensure a healthy growth of the grapes. The researchers found that subtle changes in the vineyard climate can greatly affect the quality of the wine. Through years of data recording and related analysis, we can accurately grasp the exact relationship between the texture of wine and the sunshine, temperature and humidity in the process of grape growth.This is a typical example of precision agriculture and intelligent farming.

2008年美國Crossbow公司開發(fā)了基于無線傳感網絡的農作物監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，基于太陽能供電，能監(jiān)測土壤溫濕度與空氣溫度，通過Internet瀏覽器為客戶提供了農作物健康、生長情況的實時數(shù)據，已經在美國批量應用。 美國加州Camalie葡萄園在4.4英畝（1 英畝=6.07畝）區(qū)域部署了20個智能節(jié)點， 組建了土壤溫濕度監(jiān)測網絡，同時還監(jiān)測酒窖內存儲溫度的變化，管理人員可通過網絡遠程瀏覽和管理數(shù)據，在應用了網絡化的監(jiān)測管理之后，葡萄園的經濟效益顯著提高。與2004年的2t產量相比，2005—2007年的產量逐年翻一番，分別達到了4、8和17.5t，同時也 改善了葡萄酒品質，節(jié)省了灌溉用水。

power supply, it can monitor soil temperature and humidity and air temperature. It provides customers with real-time data on the health and growth of crops through the Internet browser, which has been used in batches in the United States. California Camalie vineyard in 4.4 acres (1 acre = 6.07 acres) area deployed 20 intelligent nodes, formed the soil temperature and humidity monitoring network, also monitor the change of the wine cellar storage temperature, management personnel can be through the network remote browsing and management data, after theof the network monitoring management, the vineyard economic benefit improved significantly. Compared with the 2t production in 2004, the output in 2005-2007 doubled annually to 4t, 8t and 17.5t respectively, which also improved wine quality and saved irrigation water.

日本富士通公司開發(fā)的富士通農場管理系統(tǒng)以全生命周期農產品質量安全控制為重點，帶動設施農業(yè)生產、智能畜禽和智能水產養(yǎng)殖，實現(xiàn)設施農業(yè)管理、養(yǎng)殖場遠程監(jiān)控與維護、水產養(yǎng)殖生產全過程的智能化。

The Fujitsu farm management system developed by Fujitsu Company focuses on the quality and safety control of agricultural products in the whole life cycle, driving the production of facility agriculture, intelligent livestock and poultry and intelligent aquaculture, and realizes the intelligence of facility agriculture management, remote monitoring and maintenance of breeding farms, and the whole process of aquaculture production.

江蘇省無錫陽山鎮(zhèn)專門開發(fā)桃園種植技術的物聯(lián)網監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)了高科技種桃，令人嘆為觀止。該鎮(zhèn)有25畝桃林作為物聯(lián)網種植園的示范基地，由22個傳感器和3個微型氣象站 組成的監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)充當"智慧桃農"。這種綠色農業(yè)種植模式有效壓縮了成本，提高了經濟效益，實現(xiàn)了高產、優(yōu)品的種植目標。

Yangshan Town, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, specially developed the Internet of Things monitoring system of Taoyuan planting technology, realizing high-tech peach planting, which is amazing. The town has 25 mu of peach forest as a demonstration base for the Internet of Things plantation, with a monitoring system consisting of 22 sensors and three micro-weather stations acting as "smart peach farmers."This green agricultural planting mode has effectively reduced the cost, improved the economic benefits, and achieved the planting goal of high yield and high quality products.

中科院遙感應用研究所開發(fā)的基于無線傳感網絡和移動通信平臺的農業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，解決了大棚內監(jiān)測溫度、濕度的困難，在環(huán)境參數(shù)超過用戶設置的范圍時，系統(tǒng)可以通過短信方式對用戶進行報警，同時用戶可利用手機短信獲取大棚內實時的溫度、濕度 或者登錄Internet網頁查看，用戶還可以通過手機短信對大棚內的澆灌系統(tǒng)、天棚等設備進 行控制。

of Sciences developed based on wireless sensor network and mobile communication platform of agricultural ecological environment monitoring system, solve the difficulty in the greenhouse monitoring of temperature and humidity, when the environmental parameters over the user set, the system can through SMS to the user alarm, at the same time the user can use SMS for greenhouse real-time temperature, humidity or login Internet web view, the user can also through the SMS of greenhouse water system, canopy and other equipment to control.

上海交大機電控制與物流裝備研究所針對葡萄新梢生長發(fā)育的規(guī)律特點，開發(fā)研制了 基于嵌入式控制器和CCD彩色相機的葡萄新梢生長圖像數(shù)據采集記錄系統(tǒng)， 實現(xiàn)了葡萄新梢生長態(tài)勢的在線監(jiān)測。該系統(tǒng)針對葡萄生長發(fā)育特點，配備球坐標式圖像采集支架，實現(xiàn)對圖像采集角度的自由調整；設計開發(fā)的全光譜輔助照明裝置，大限度地減少或避免了直射光對成像質量的影響；嵌入可編程式控制器實現(xiàn)了無人值守的自動拍照模式，用戶可根據需求預先自由設定拍攝間隔，從而無需人工干預即可獲取清 晰的圖像數(shù)據。由于采用了商業(yè)化的CCD彩色相機，拍攝到的圖像分辨率高且色彩真實，有利于后續(xù)的圖像分析處理，可以得到理想的圖像分割效果和精度。同時系統(tǒng)還具備現(xiàn)場大容量SD卡存儲和遠程無線網絡傳輸功能，既延長了監(jiān)控周期，又可以實時地共享觀測結果。

and development of grape shoots, the Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Control and Logistics Equipment of Shanghai Jiao Tong University developed a grape shoot growth image data acquisition and recording system based on embedded controller and CCD color camera, which realized the online monitoring of the growth trend of grape shoots. According to the characteristics of grape growth and development, the system is equipped with a spherical coordinate image acquisition bracket to realize the free adjustment of image acquisition angle; the full spectrum auxiliary lighting device is designed and developed to reduce or avoid the influence of direct light on imaging quality; the embedded programmable controller realizes unattended automatic photo mode, users can set the shooting interval in advance according to the needs, so as to obtain clear image data without manual intervention. Due to the commercial use of CCD color camera, the image shot has high resolution and true color, which is conducive to the subsequent image analysis and processing, andthe ideal image segmentation effect and accuracy can be obtained. At the same time, the system also has the function of field large-capacity SD card storage and remote wireless network transmission, which not only extends the monitoring cycle, but also can share the observation results in real time.

我國的無人農場實踐

Unmanned farm practice in our country

無人農場是采用物聯(lián)網、大數(shù)據、人工智能、5G、機器人等新一代信息技術，通過對農場設施、裝備、機械等遠程控制，或通過智能裝備及機器人自主決策、自主作業(yè)，完成所有農場生產、管理任務，是一種全天候、全過程、全空間的無人化生產作業(yè)模式，無人農場的本質是實現(xiàn)機器換人。建設無人農場是緩解農村勞動力短缺、推進現(xiàn)代農業(yè)建設的一個重要途徑。

No farm is the Internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, 5G, robot, such as a new generation of information technology, through the farm facilities, equipment, machinery, or through intelligent equipment and robot autonomous decisions, autonomous operation, all farm production, management tasks, is a kind of all-weather, whole process, whole space unmanned production mode, the essence of no farm is to realize the machine substitution. The construction of unmanned farm is an important way to alleviate the shortage of rural labor force and promote theconstruction of modern agriculture. 

近年來，國家出臺多項農業(yè)相關政策及規(guī)劃，支持無人農場的技術研發(fā)、推廣應用，全面提升無人化數(shù)字技術在農產品生產的應用水平，不斷加快推進農業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。

In recent years, the state has issued a number of agriculture-related policies and plans to support the technology research and development, promotion and application of unmanned farms, comprehensively improve the application level of unmanned digital technology in agricultural production, and constantly accelerate agricultural modernization.

2020年10月，中國共產黨第十九屆中央委員會第五次全體會議《中共中央關于制定國民經濟和社會發(fā)展第十四個五年規(guī)劃和二〇三五年遠景目標的建議》，提出“通過農業(yè)大數(shù)據與人工智能等技術，創(chuàng)新發(fā)展農業(yè)智能裝備，提高涉農人員運用信息與知識水平和管理決策能力，核心解決卡脖子與短板技術、農村勞力短缺、人工成本高的問題，確保農業(yè)安全自主可控。”

In October 2020, the 19th session of the central committee of the fifth plenary meeting of the central committee of the communist party of China about the national economic and social development and 235 years vision proposal ", put forward" through agricultural big data and artificial intelligence technology, innovation and development of agricultural intelligent equipment, improve agricultural personnel using information and knowledge and management decision-making ability, core solve neck and short technology, rural labor shortage, high cost of labor, to ensureagricultural safety autonomous control.”
2021年2月，中共中央國務院發(fā)布《關于全面推進鄉(xiāng)村振興加快農業(yè)農村現(xiàn)代化的意見》，提出“建立農業(yè)農村大數(shù)據體系，推動新一代信息技術與農業(yè)生產經營深度融合?！?021年3月，農業(yè)農村部辦公廳發(fā)布了《關于申報2021年度全國農業(yè)農村信息化示范基地的通知》，指出“重點支持示范基地發(fā)展，鼓勵示范基地率先承擔農業(yè)農村改革試點示范任務，為加快推進農業(yè)現(xiàn)代化奠定基礎?！?/p>

Promoting Rural Revitalization and Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization, which proposed to " establish a big data system for agriculture and rural areas and promote the deep integration of new-generation information technology with agricultural production and operation."In March 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the Notice on the Application for the 2021 National Agricultural and Rural Informatization Demonstration Base, pointing out that" focus on supporting the development of the demonstration bases,encourage the demonstration bases to take the lead in undertaking the pilot demonstration tasks of agricultural and rural reform, and lay a foundation for accelerating agricultural modernization.”

“十四五”是實現(xiàn)農業(yè)農村現(xiàn)代化的關鍵時期，為發(fā)展無人農場提供了巨大的發(fā)展空間，在全力推進農業(yè)農村的現(xiàn)代化進程中，結合無人農場的實際應用推廣，瞄準農業(yè)農村現(xiàn)代化的主攻方向，提高勞動生產率、資源利用率和單位土地產出率，以實現(xiàn)農業(yè)勞動力的徹底解放。無人農場代表著最先進農業(yè)生產力，是未來農業(yè)的發(fā)展方向，必將引領數(shù)字農業(yè)、精準農業(yè)、智慧農業(yè)等現(xiàn)代農業(yè)方式的發(fā)展。

the practical application of no farm, aimed at the main direction of agricultural rural modernization, improve labor productivity, resource utilization and unit land productivity, in order to realize the complete liberation of agricultural labor force. Unmanned farm represents the most advanced agricultural productivity, is the future development direction of agriculture, and will certainly lead the development of modern agricultural methods such as digital agriculture, precision agriculture and intelligent agriculture.

a、位于粵西地區(qū)的茂名高州市也建起了一座“無人農場”。位于茂名高州市寶光街道八角山村委會車田尾村的“無人農場”，是高州市走向農業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的一個大膽嘗試。據悉，該農場是茂名市首個無人農場水稻生產基地，占地面積3000畝。是由嶺南現(xiàn)代農業(yè)科學與技術廣東省實驗室茂名分中心與華南農業(yè)大學水稻生產機械化創(chuàng)新團隊共同打造。根據南方日報發(fā)布的消息可知，該“無人農場”較人工節(jié)省約六成勞動力，同時無人技術將覆蓋水稻耕種收全環(huán)節(jié)。場內的先進機器有：無人駕駛旋耕機、無人駕駛播種機、無人駕駛插秧機、無人駕駛高地隙寬幅噴霧機和無人駕駛收獲機等一批新型無人農機。

of Gaozhou City to move towards agricultural modernization. It is reported that the farm is the first unmanned farm rice production base in Maoming city, covering an area of 3,000 mu. It is jointly built by the Maoming Branch of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory and the Rice Production Mechanization Innovation team of South China Agricultural University. According to Nanfang Daily, the "unmanned farm" saves about 60 percent of the labor force, and the unmanned technology will cover the whole process of rice farming and harvesting. The advancedmachines in the field are: unmanned rotary tiller, unmanned planter, unmanned rice transplanter, unmanned high gap wide range sprayer and unmanned harvester and other new unmanned agricultural machinery.

b、碧桂園聯(lián)手北大荒打造的無人化農場項目在黑龍江建三江七星農場舉辦農機無人駕駛作業(yè)現(xiàn)場演示會，集中展示了項目近一年來取得的最新成果，標志著碧桂園農業(yè)在無人化農場領域取得了階段性重要成就。

The unmanned farm project built by Country Garden and Beidahuang held an on-site demonstration of unmanned agricultural machinery operation in Sanjiang Qixing Farm in Heilongjiang Province, showing the latest achievements of the project in the past year, marking the important achievements of Country Garden Agriculture in the field of unmanned farm in the stage.

中國工程院院士、華南農業(yè)大學教授羅錫文表示，“北大荒建三江和碧桂園農業(yè)聯(lián)合組織實施的這個無人化農場試驗示范項目將帶動中國現(xiàn)代化大農業(yè)加速發(fā)展，為中國農業(yè)轉型升級、實現(xiàn)高質量發(fā)展注入強大動力?！?/p>

Luo Xiwen, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at South China Agricultural University, said, " The unmanned farm experimental demonstration project jointly organized by Beidahuang Sanjiang and Country Garden will accelerate the development of China's modern agriculture and inject strong impetus into the transformation and upgrading of China's agriculture and the realization of high-quality development.”

數(shù)十臺無人駕駛農機在農田里“大練兵”，演示現(xiàn)場再現(xiàn)了無人化水田筑埂、攪漿、插秧、旱直播、飛防、秋翻地、旋地以及無人化旱田滅茬、翻、耙、起壟、播種、噴藥等20項農機作業(yè)演示，每一個無人化操作環(huán)節(jié)都精準有序、平穩(wěn)順暢，讓人大開眼界。

Dozens of unmanned agricultural machinery in the farmland "big training", demonstrate the scene of the unmanned paddy field build ridge, slurry, planting, live, dry, autumn, spinning and unmanned dry field stubble, turn, rake, ridge, sowing, spraying and other 20 agricultural machinery operation demonstration, each unmanned operation link accurate and orderly, smooth, smooth, eye-opening.

據悉，這是國內外先進智能農機裝備針對大豆、玉米、水稻三大作物全流程無人化作業(yè)的第一次集中展示，標志著碧桂園在無人化農場領域邁出了重要一步，為下一步構建主要農作物種植生產全流程無人化作業(yè)和無人化農場建設運營的系統(tǒng)解決方案打下了堅實基礎。

It is understood that this is the domestic and foreign advanced intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment for soybean, corn, rice three crops whole process of unmanned operation for the first time, marked the country garden in the field of unmanned farm, for the next step to build the main crop planting production process of unmanned operations and unmanned farm construction operation system solutions laid a solid foundation.

北大荒集團建三江分公司與碧桂園農業(yè)宣布將整合多方優(yōu)勢資源，在黑龍江建三江共同打造全球首個超萬畝的無人化農場試驗示范項目。值得一提的是，這也是全球首個由實力龍頭企業(yè)牽頭實施，從現(xiàn)代化大農場應用場景的實際需求出發(fā)，系統(tǒng)集成整合多方優(yōu)質資源、實現(xiàn)全流程無人化作業(yè)的無人化農場項目。

Jiansanjiang Branch of Beidahuang Group and Country Garden Agriculture announced that they will integrate various superior resources to jointly build the world's first unmanned farm experimental demonstration project of more than 10,000 mu in Jiangsanjiang, Heilongjiang Province. It is worth mentioning that this is also the first unmanned farm project led by a leading enterprise. Based on the actual needs of modern large farm application scenarios, the system integrates multiple high-quality resources and realizes the whole process of unmanned operation.

項目實施近一年來已經初步取得了系列成果，先后有17家國內外農機生產制造企業(yè)，共39臺（件）農機設備參加了田間作業(yè)試驗示范，完成了玉米大豆水稻三大農作物單機無人駕駛田間作業(yè)耕種（插）管收運五大環(huán)節(jié)20多個作業(yè)項目的試驗示范任務，預計秋季作業(yè)結束時，全年累計可完成田間作業(yè)面積1.6萬畝。

Project implementation for nearly a year has achieved preliminary series achievements, has 17 domestic and foreign agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises, a total of 39 (pieces) agricultural machinery equipment participated in the field experiment, completed the corn soybean rice three crops single unmanned field farming (plug) tube collector five links more than 20 project test demonstration task, is expected at the end of the autumn operation, the year can complete field operation area of 16000 mu.

C、位于劍河縣南明鎮(zhèn)的貴州省首個水稻“無人農場”迎豐收。秋收稻谷，農場用上了新科技——無人駕駛收割機。搭載了基于北斗衛(wèi)星導航的無人駕駛系統(tǒng)，通過定位、規(guī)劃、控制，即可實現(xiàn)全程無人化作業(yè)。相當于給農機裝上了智慧“大腦”，農機手只需輕輕操作屏幕，就能遠程操控無人駕駛收割機進行水稻收割、脫粒、卸糧等無人化作業(yè)。

C. The first rice "unmanned farm" in Guizhou Province, located in Nanming Town, Jianhe County, welcomed the harvest. Autumn harvest rice, the farm used the new technology —— unmanned harvester. Equipped with an unmanned system based on Beidou satellite navigation, the whole unmanned operation can be realized through positioning, planning and control. It is equivalent to installing an intelligent "brain" on agricultural machinery. They only need to gently operate the screen, and they can remotely control the unmanned harvester, such as rice harvesting, threshing and

劍河縣以5000畝水稻全程機械化種植為示范，不斷加大農業(yè)科技運用水平，實現(xiàn)水稻種植從播種到植保到收獲，全程機械化、部分無人化作業(yè)，實現(xiàn)工作效率和經濟效益雙提高。

Jianhe County takes the whole mechanization planting of 5000 mu of rice as a demonstration, and continuously increases the application level of agricultural science and technology, realizing the whole mechanization of rice planting from sowing to plant protection to harvest, and realizing the improvement of work efficiency and economic benefits.

在這里，天上飛著無人機、地上跑著大農機，成為了現(xiàn)實，農機裝備水平的不斷提升，農機作業(yè)服務的提質擴面，為保障國家糧食安全和重要農產品供給、提升農業(yè)經營效益和競爭力發(fā)揮了重要作用。

Here, with drones flying in the sky and large agricultural machinery running on the ground, it has become a reality. The continuous improvement of the level of agricultural machinery equipment, and the quality and expansion of agricultural machinery operation services have played an important role in ensuring national food security and the supply of important agricultural products, and improving the efficiency of agricultural operation and competitiveness.

D、近日，華南農業(yè)大學增城教研科學基地，中國工程院院士、華南農業(yè)大學教授、廣東農村科技特派員羅錫文團隊的水稻無人農場喜獲豐收?！拔覀兊乃緹o人農場已經實現(xiàn)耕、種、管、收的全程全面機械化，未來該項技術有望推廣至全國各地?！?/p>

Recently, South China Agricultural University Zengcheng teaching and research science base, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor of South China Agricultural University, Guangdong rural science and technology correspondent Luo Xiwen team of unmanned rice farm harvest."Our unmanned rice farm has realized the full mechanization of farming, planting, management and harvesting, and the technology is expected to be extended to all parts of the country in the future.”

華南農業(yè)大學水稻無人農場已經出產了首批大米，這批大米的耕、種、管、收均由無人駕駛的農機完成。采用無人駕駛旋耕機完成土地耕整；采用無人駕駛水稻旱直播機進行水稻播種；之后采用無人駕駛高地隙噴霧機和無人直升機完成了施肥和施藥等作業(yè)；由無人駕駛收獲機和運糧車協(xié)同完成收獲作業(yè)，在收獲現(xiàn)場，專家組采用五點抽樣法測產，無人農場的水稻理論畝產量為558.6公斤。

The unmanned rice farm of South China Agricultural University has produced the first batch of rice, and the cultivation, planting, management and harvesting of the rice are all completed by unmanned agricultural machinery. Unmanned rotary tiller is used to complete the land; unmanned rice roller for rice sowing, and unmanned aerial harvester and unmanned helicopter to complete the harvest operation, and the expert group uses five-point sampling method to measure the yield, and the theoretical per mu yield of rice in the unmanned farm is 558.6 kg.
“無人農場能把作業(yè)人員從繁重的駕駛操作中解放出來，大大提高了作業(yè)效率。”羅錫文介紹說，無人農場是實現(xiàn)智慧農業(yè)的一種途徑，包括耕種管收生產環(huán)節(jié)全覆蓋，機庫田間轉移作業(yè)全自動，自動避障異況停車保安全，作物生產過程實時全監(jiān)控，智能決策精準作業(yè)全無人五大特點。在無人農場，旋耕機、拖拉機等機械，按照設計好的程序，自己從機庫開到田間作業(yè)再回到機庫，輕松將農活完成，全程實現(xiàn)無人化。

"Unmanned farms can free operators from heavy driving operations, greatly improving operational efficiency."Luo Xiwen said that unmanned farm is a way to realize smart agriculture, including full coverage of farming and harvesting production links, automatic hangar field transfer operation, automatic obstacle avoidance and different conditions to ensure safety, real-time full monitoring of crop production process, intelligent decision-making and accurate operation of all unmanned five characteristics. In the unmanned farm, rotary tiller, tractor and other machinery, according to the designed procedures, fromthe hangar to the field work and then back to the hangar, easily complete the farm work, the whole process of unmanned.

“十四五”時期我國無人農場的發(fā)展對策

The development countermeasures of unmanned farms in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period

經過多年的政策布局和項目實施，我國的無人農場呈現(xiàn)了良好的發(fā)展勢頭。“十四五”期間，為進一步推動無人農場的發(fā)展，需要不斷完善無人農場基礎理論，加強關鍵技術和實用產品研發(fā)，積極探索無人農場發(fā)展商業(yè)模式，進一步優(yōu)化和完善無人農場政策環(huán)境。

After years of policy layout and project implementation, China's unmanned farms have shown a good momentum of development. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, in order to further promote the development of unmanned farms, it is necessary to constantly improve the basic theory of unmanned farms, strengthen the research and development of key technologies and practical products, actively explore the business model of the development of unmanned farms, and further optimize and improve the policy environment of unmanned farms.

a、加強無人農場基礎理論、關鍵技術和實用產品研發(fā)

We will strengthen the research and development of basic theories, key technologies and practical products of unmanned farms

無人農場是新生事物，無人農場的基礎理論關鍵技術有許多問題值得進一步深入探索。當前迫切需要加強農業(yè)傳感器、動植物表型及生長優(yōu)化調控模型、自主作業(yè)機器人等卡脖子技術的研發(fā)；在農機無人駕駛、無人機、無人豬場、無人雞場、無人漁 場等數(shù)字化基礎好、可控性強的領域進行率先嘗試，通過技術轉讓、聯(lián)合開發(fā)、委托開發(fā)和共建研發(fā)基地、產業(yè)化中試基地等手段，促進無人農場技術試驗示范與產業(yè)化發(fā)展。

Unmanned farm is a new thing, and there are many problems in the basic theory of unmanned farm worth further exploration. At present, it is urgent to strengthen the research and development of bottleneck technologies such as agricultural sensors, animal and plant phenotype and growth optimization regulation model, independent operation robot; take the lead in the areas with good digital foundation and strong controllability such as unmanned agricultural machinery, unmanned pig farm, unmanned chicken farm, unmanned fishing farm, and promote theexperimental demonstration and industrialization development of unmanned farms through technology transfer, joint development, commissioned development and joint development base and industrialization pilot base.

b、編制無人農場發(fā)展規(guī)劃

Formulate an unmanned farm development plan

圍繞無人農場技術研發(fā)、轉化、推廣、應用和服務過程中的重大問題，做好頂層設計，制定無人農場在農業(yè)主導產業(yè)和特色區(qū)域的發(fā)展方向、重點領域、發(fā)展模式及推進路徑，合理布局無人農場重大應用示范和產業(yè)化項目，強化政府對無人農場工作的宏觀指導和統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調，集聚項目、資金、科技、人才等資源，促進無人農場的應用發(fā)展。

Around no farm technology research and development, transformation, promotion, application and major issues in the process of service, completes the top design, develop no farm in agricultural leading industry and characteristic area development direction, key areas, development mode and path, reasonable layout no farm major application demonstration and industrialization projects, strengthen the government to no farm work macro guidance and overall coordination, agglomeration projects, capital, science and technology, talent resources, promote the development of the application of no farm.

c、探索無人農場發(fā)展商業(yè)模式

Explore business models to develop unmanned farms

無人農場最終都要商業(yè)化、企業(yè)化，要充分發(fā)揮協(xié)會、聯(lián)盟、企業(yè)的作用，構建以應用需求為牽引，以企業(yè)為主體，以市場需求為導向、產學研相結合的無人農場合作發(fā)展模式，鼓勵大型農業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)積極探索。

Unmanned farms should eventually be commercialized and enterprise. We should give full play to the role of associations, alliances and enterprises, build a cooperative development mode of unmanned farms with application demand as the traction, enterprises as the main body, market demand as the guidance and the combination of industry, university and research, and encourage large agricultural leading enterprises to actively explore.

d、進一步優(yōu)化和完善無人農場政策環(huán)境

Further optimize and improve the policy environment for unmanned farms

無人農場是我國戰(zhàn)略性新興產業(yè)，是未來發(fā)展趨勢，在當前技術和商業(yè)模式尚不成熟的條件下，其成本高、投入大，因此需要政府構建無人農場發(fā)展的政策支持環(huán)境，加快制訂包括補貼、投資、金融、信貸、稅收、重大項目建設等政策支撐體系，鼓勵民營資本進入，促進無人農場產業(yè)化發(fā)展。

No farm is a strategic emerging industry in China, is the future development trend, in the current technology and business model is not mature, its high cost, investment, so the need to government build no farm development policy support environment, speed up the formulation including subsidies, investment, finance, credit, tax, major projects policy support system, encourage private capital to enter, promote the development of unmanned farm industrialization.

智能農業(yè)裝備亮相新疆國際農業(yè)博覽會 ♂

智能農業(yè)裝備亮相新疆國際農業(yè)博覽會

8月8日，來自10余家世界500強企業(yè)及國內涉農企業(yè)共計1500余家，攜帶智能農業(yè)裝備、航空植保、節(jié)水灌溉、新型肥料、可降解地膜、無人機等先進技術與裝備亮相烏魯木齊，在國內農業(yè)大區(qū)——新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)共同探討農業(yè)智能化、自動化新時代。

當日，第十七屆中國新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)國際農業(yè)博覽會暨2017中國新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)國際智能農業(yè)裝備博覽會在烏魯木齊開幕。

參觀客商在拍攝大型自動化機械設備

參展商與客商就智能農業(yè)機器人進行溝通交流

據介紹，展會集中展示高科技農業(yè)智能裝備、物聯(lián)網、現(xiàn)代信息化農業(yè)領域以及農業(yè)生產資料包含節(jié)水灌溉、溫室大棚、農用飛機、植保藥械、農業(yè)信息化、農業(yè)照明、新型肥料、農藥、種子等大量高新、前沿技術產品。

目前，新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)正不斷加大科技興農力度，大力推廣新設備、新技術，引入無人機植保技術，致力于完善專業(yè)的統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治病蟲害防護體系，改變傳統(tǒng)農業(yè)植保施藥方式，為農牧民增收致富提供保障。

自主生產我國首臺果蔬采摘機器人的蘇州博田自動化技術有限公司亦攜帶設備亮相展會。該公司銷售人員表示，新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)大面積種植特色林果業(yè)，該公司生產的設備可以非常有效地替換勞動力，智能化的機械設備可在新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)的蘋果、香梨、葡萄等田地里自由作業(yè)。

在新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)，北斗導航系統(tǒng)使用在大型拖拉機上，農機可同時實現(xiàn)鋪膜、播種、鋪管三合一的棉田作業(yè)，且旱、水田都可正常作業(yè)，完成了人工不可能完成的工作，真正實現(xiàn)了高效益生產。

當日，主辦方還邀請到中國工程院院士陳學庚參與“新絲路精準農業(yè)航空創(chuàng)新發(fā)展峰會”。他在《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)生產建設兵團現(xiàn)代農業(yè)發(fā)展與展望》中稱，采用衛(wèi)星導航拖拉機自動駕駛技術，突破了“播行不直、接行不準”的瓶頸，采棉機的采凈率提高了2-3%，畝增收60元-90元?！盁o人機在新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)生產建設兵團精準農業(yè)中的應用是發(fā)展趨勢?！?/p>

據悉，國投羅鉀、根力多、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)慧爾、迪斯科化工、沃達農科等農資企業(yè)也紛紛亮相，為新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)提供高效、精準、綠色、智能的新型化肥、農藥等產品，意在開拓新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)和西北市場。

據統(tǒng)計，該博覽會開幕當天，觀眾突破3萬余人次，預計三天總人數(shù)將達到6萬人次。